No, because the friction coefficient between the fuselage and runway would be too great for the engines to overcome. Hence, the wheel which is the centerpoint for gravity forces against the airframe to meet the runway on a small contact patch. This gives planes the ability to take off. A moving runway opposite the planes take-off trajectory will only spin the wheels 2x faster than the planes speed. However, the thrust of the engines will still push the airframe against that small friction up the conveyor to take-off speeds.
What kind of engine are you assuming, propeller or jet?