that little thing you see, that looks like a fuse... is a diode... it only allows electricity to flow in one direction... it is part of keeping all the door lights seperate... a larger bulb may have damaged the diode, as they usually only handle a certain amount of power...

The light is held in place by a metal bracket and 2 screws on the back side... and yes, the door panel has to be taken off to get the light out. If you can get the light out, you maybe able to take it to a radio shack, have them match a new diode up, and have them solder it in place. But before you do that... pull the door apart, get the light out... and test it... easiest way would be to plug the light back into the door harness... then, with a small piece of wire, jumper the 2 sides of the diode... if the light comes on, thats the problem.