wont take off... a plane need thrust(counter acts drag) AND lift(ounter act wheight/gravity) in order to take off. thrus will be generated by the engiens even if on a belt. however lift is only generated by aerodynamics and most of it is created by a wing passing through the air or the air must be moving around a stationary wing, one or the other.

so in your example it wont take of... however if a giant fan is added in then it could!