here's a way of explaining it:

put a hot wheels toy car on top of a large piece of paper. snatch the pull the piece of paper horizontally from under the hot wheels (swiftly)... The distance traveled of the hot wheels car is less than the distance traveled of the paper. If you pull it fast enough, the car might not move at all. Why? Because the car isn't attached to the paper. The cars tendency to move with the paper is caused by the resistance coefficient in the wheels at whatever speed the paper is pulled.

So yes, the airplane would accelerate and lift off, but at a lesser rate due to the resistance in the wheel bearings of the airplane.